http://starc.stthomas.ac.in:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/36 2026-04-24T23:44:39Z http://starc.stthomas.ac.in:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/222 Cardanol-Derived-Amphiphiles-Based Soft Templates for Conducting Polymer Nanoarchitectures Antony, Menachery Jinish; Anilkumar, Parambath In recent times, there is a growing trend among researchers in utilizing plant based starting materials to synthesize functional nanomaterials. Toward this goal, cashew nut shell oil-derived cardanol caught great attention due to its wide availability, low cost, easy isolation and unique molecular architecture. In this chapter, we summarize the literature based on soft template approach of cardanyl amphiphiles for fabricating conducting polymer (polyaniline and polypyrrole) nanostructures. The amphiphiles synthesized from cardanol has typical surfactant structure with sulfonic acid polar head and hydrophobic aliphatic tail, often referred as dopants due to its post-polymerization doping effect on polymer chain. The soft- templates were generated by selectively mixing monomer and dopants for different polymerization conditions such as emulsion, dilute, interfacial, dispersion and gel phase. The templates upon treatment with polymerization initiator produce conducting polymer morphology such as nanofibers, nanorods, nanotubes, nanospheres, hollow nanospheres and nanotapes. The cardanyl amphiphilic dopants electrostatically complex with conducting polymer nanomaterials and significantly improve the solubility, solid-state ordering, conductivity and optical properties. 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://starc.stthomas.ac.in:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/197 Highly bluish-white light emissive and redox active conjugated poly-N-phenyl anthranilic acid polymer fluoroprobe for analytical sensing Das, K Rohini; Antony, M Jinish; Varghese, Shinto An efficient fluorescent and redox type conjugated poly-N-phenyl anthranilic acid (PNPA) was synthesised via chemical oxidative polymerisation of N-phenyl anthranilic acid (NPA) using FeCl3 as oxidising agent in ethanol medium. The polymer in sulphuric acid solution denoted as PNPA-H have highly intense bluish-white fluorescence. The intense bluish-white light emission of polymer was quenched upon the addition of oxidising analytes like Ce4+, MnO4− and Cr2O72- ions. The fluorescence quenching concentration at which the above three analytes oxidises the polymer were determined from three independent methods like naked eye fluorescence detection, UV–visible spectroscopy and spectrofluorometry. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching has been explained on the basis of the oxidation of diphenyl benzidine dicarboxylic acid repeating units of PNPA-H (in reduced form) into non-fluorescent diphenyl diquinoid dicarboxylic acid units (in oxidised form) by the oxidising analytes. The mole ratio plot of [analyte]/[polymer] against fluorescence intensity have revealed different stoichiometry for a particular analyte leading to quenching of fluorescence of polymer, which have striking influence on the redox potential of the analytes. The limit of detection (LOD) for naked eye fluorescence quenching was found to be 0.5 μM, 0.75 μM, and 25 μM for Ce4+, MnO4− and Cr2O72- respectively and sensitivity of quenching action was obtained highest for MnO4− ions and least for Cr2O72- ions from stern-volmer plots. The oxidised and non-fluorescent diphenyl diquinoid dicarboxylic acid units of PNPA-H have been reduced back to fluorescent diphenyl benzidine dicarboxylic units with reducing biomolecules like ascorbic acid, which indicate the redox reversibility of the system. 2019-10-24T00:00:00Z http://starc.stthomas.ac.in:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/133 In situ chemical oxidative polymerisation for ordered conducting polythiophene nanostructures in presence of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate Jose, M Anne; Varghese, Smitha; Antony, M Jinish Polythiophenes (PTs) have been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of thiophene in the presence of an anionic surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) using ferric chloride as an oxidant in chloroform solvent. Different monomer/surfactant ratios have been employed to study the effect of surfactant on synthesis and properties of polythiophenes. The PTs have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, wide-angle powder X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. The properties of PTs prepared using AOT surfactant have been compared with those of PT synthesized without surfactant. Four probe electrical conductivity measurements of the samples reveal that the conductivity is in the range of (7.4–1.0)×10-3 S cm-1 for AOT doped polythiophene samples. The band gap of the polymers determined from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is in the range of 2.25–2.50 eV. Scanning electron microscopic images of the samples exhibited spherical nanoparticle morphology with size in the range of 800 ± 50 nm. 2016-03-01T00:00:00Z http://starc.stthomas.ac.in:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/132 AOT assisted preparation of ordered, conducting and dispersible core-shell nanostructured polythiophene – MWCNT nanocomposites Swathy, TS; Jose, M Anne; Antony, M Jinish Core-shell nanostructured polythiophene-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites (PT-CNTs) have been synthesised by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of thiophene in presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and anionic surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) using ferric chloride as an oxidizing agent in chloroform solution. Nanocomposites were prepared by introducing different weight percentage amount of MWCNT into a fixed monomer and surfactant composition. The formations of the polythiophene-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites have been characterised by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) has been used as dopant cum template for polythiophene and polythiophene-multiwalled nanocomposite preparation. WXRD studies reveal that polythiophene shows a broad peak at 2θ value 18.23°. On the other hand, PTCNT nanocomposites were shown a sharp peak at 2θ value 26.48° and the broad peak present in polythiophene was completely vanished upon nanocomposite formation. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the samples reveals that PTCNT nanocomposites have a fiber like nanostructures. The core-shell nanostructure formation was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The outer shell thickness of the carbon nanotubes in nanocomposite increases approximately 3 to 15 nm from the original thickness after the formation of nanocomposite. The PTCNT samples synthesised in presence of AOT were easily dispersed in chloroform, which enabled us to carry out the UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy. The characteristic absorption peak present at 340 nm corresponds to the π-polaron transition of polythiophene. The formation mechanism of core-shell nano structured composites was proposed based on the evidence from SEM, TEM, WXRD and spectroscopic studies. The four probe electrical conductivities of PTCNT samples were of the order of 1.5 times higher in magnitude than PT samples. 2016-10-26T00:00:00Z